TREATING
ADD/ADHD
Presented
by:
Certified
Herbalist, Certified Natural Health Professional
Ph: (804) 598-5352
COPYRIGHT 2003 and 2005, Apothecarian
Herbals, LLC, All rights reserved.
WHAT
ARE ADD & ADHD?
Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
are the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioral disorders affecting
children, although many adults have it, too.
Core symptoms include hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility and
inattentiveness. Usually, ADD/ADHD
people have other symptoms like insomnia, fluctuating emotions (emotional
lability), disorganization in activities and/or problem solving and conduct
disorder. Ear infections are more
frequent in hyperactive children. Other
conditions can mimic ADD/ADHD such as epilepsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, lead
poisoning, sleep apnea and thyroid abnormalities. It is VERY important that all other causes of erratic
behavior be eliminated through tests before a diagnosis of ADD/ADHD is made.
To
diagnose ADD/ADHD, symptoms present themselves before the age of 7 and cause
impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning, and must be present
in two or more settings (i.e., at school and at home).
For the Inattentive Type, at least six of the following symptoms must
have persisted for at least 6 months: lack of attention ot details/careless
mistakes; lack of sustained attention; poor listener; failure to follow through
on tasks; poor organization; avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort;
loses things; easily distracted; forgetful.
For the Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, at least six of the following
symptoms must have persisted for at least 6 months: fidgeting/squirming; leaving
sea; inappropriate running/climbing; difficulty with quiet activities; “on the
go;” excessive talking; blurting answers; can’t wait turn; intrusive.
The Combined Types requires both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive
criteria to be met. (Source: The
attachment to the FDA Approval Letter for NDA 21-284 (Ritalin LA)
Recently,
besides well-known medications like Ritalin and Adderall, anti-depressants have
been prescribed to treat ADD/ADHD. Adverse
affects include excessive sedation and rebound hypertension during withdrawal of
the therapy.
NOTABLE
QUOTES
“Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are believed to be the
leading cause of death in the United States...” (Lasser et al, Journal of the American Medical
Association, 287(17):2215-2220. May
1, 2002.)
“We feed our children nutritionless pseudo-foods,
artificial colors, preservatives and allergens (wheat, dairy, etc.).
We sit them in front of the constant[ly] changing and stimulating images
of television and video games. Then
we expect them to sit quietly throughout the school day.
Everything is tightly scheduled; never enough time for sleep, unregulated
play, real relaxation and time to be human.” (David Winston, Herbalist, Ethnobotanist, Co-founder of the
American Herbalists Guild)
“The results
indicate that people, especially children, can easily consume enough caffeine to
leave them jittery and anxious. And
because foods and drinks are not required to list how much caffeine they
contain, it can be hard to gauge how much you or your kids are getting.”
[Results from conducting a recent analysis of the caffeine content of
25 products] (“Caffeinated
Kids,” Consumer Reports, July, 2003, p. 28.)
“The U.S. produces and uses 80% of the world’s stimulants such at Ritalin – ten times more than Europe and industrialized Asia….Virginia has the highest per capita use of Ritalin among the states, with rates six times higher than that of the lowest state, Hawaii.” [from www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/ with demographic information from Running on Ritalin by Lawrence Diller and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Russell Barkley.]
“More
than 75% of primary care doctors surveyed said that had prescribed children
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac, even though
these drugs have not been approved for use in children.
On the basis of the survey, which included 557 primary care doctors,
about 500,000 prescriptions for SSRIs are prescribed annually for adolescents
and children under age 18.” [Presented at a Pediatrics Academic Societies
annual meeting in San Francisco, CA, May 8, 1999.]
”The number of preschoolers in the United
States being prescribed antidepressants and stimulants soared in the mid-1990s,
despite limited knowledge about the effects of such drugs on young children,
according to a study published Tuesday. The
number of 2- to 4-year-olds on psychiatric drugs including Ritalin and
anti-depressants like Prozac soared 50 percent between 1991 and 1995. The number
of 2- to 4-year-olds on psychiatric drugs including Ritalin and antidepressants
like Prozac jumped 50 percent between 1991 and 1995, researchers reported in the
Journal of the American Medical Association….With an increasing number of
children attending day care, parents may feel pressured to have their children
conform in their behavior, Julie Magno Zito, the lead author and an assistant
professor of pharmacy and medicine at the University of Maryland, suggested. She
also said there is a much greater acceptance in the 1990s of psychoactive
drugs.” [From MSNBC News
Services, 2/3/00, and published on www.rense.com,
accessed 07/19/03.
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act):
Part B, Sec. 602 (3)(A); 300.7(c(9)) adds “attention
deficit disorder” and “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder” to the
list of conditions that could render a child eligible under “other health
impaired.”
“In 1990, Supplemental Security Income, SSI, a Federal
Government welfare program, was opened to allow low income parents whose
children were labeled with ADHD to be eligible for a cash benefit under the SSI
program. This allowed some families
to receive more that $450 a month per child from the Federal Government…
Then, in 1991, the Department of Education
made hundreds of special education dollars available every year for children
labeled with ADHD and also those in need of special education.
After that, modification schools could receive more than $400 per student
under IDEA for each child diagnosed with ADHD and in need of special education.
Now both SSI and ADHD changes coincide with a dramatic rise
in the number of children said to have DHD.
Between 1990 and 1992, the number of ADHD diagnoses jumped from
approximately one million to over three million and the production of one drug,
Ritalin, increased from 2,000 kilos to over 8,000 kilos in that time period.” -
Opening Statement of Congressman Bob Schaffer, Subcommittee on Oversight and
Investigations, Committee on Education and the Workforce, Washington, DC,
September 29, 2000.
Virginia has the highest per capital use of Ritalin among the
states, with rates six times higher than that of the lowerst state, Hawaii.
After Virginia, the next four states are South Carolina, Delaware,
Indiana, and Michigan.
Drugs
merely mask symptoms. They’re not
getting to the causes of the problems!
ADDERALL
XR CAPSULES
“AMPHETAMINES FOR PROLONGED PERIODS OF TIME MAY LEAD TO
DRUG DEPENDENCE”
“The mode of therapeutic action in Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is not known.”
The clinical trial conducted in children aged 6 – 12 lasted
only three weeks!
“The effectiveness of ADDERALL XR for long-term use, i.e., for
more than 3 weeks, (author’s emphasis) has not been systematically
evaluated in controlled trials.”
WARNINGS:
Psychosis and Long-Term Suppression of Growth
DRUG INTERACTIONS include: Gastrointestinal alkalinizing
agents (like sodium bicarbonate – simple baking soda), tricyclic
antidepressants, MAO antidepressants.
Adderall XR has “anorectic” effects.
ADVERSE EVENTS: 14%
of patients report abdominal pain, 22% report loss of appetite, 17% report
insomnia. Other adverse reactions
include palpitations, psychotic episodes, dizziness, anorexia and impotence.
“Toxic symptoms may occur idiosyncratically at low
doses.”
ANIMAL TOXICOLOGY: “Acute administration of high doses of
amphetamine (d- or d,l-) has been shown to produce long-lasting neurotoxic
effects, including irreversible nerve fiber damage, in rodents.
The significance of these findings to humans is unknown
(author’s emphasis).
RITALIN
LA & SR, CONCERTA, Metadate,
Methylin
[Excerpts
from the attachment to the FDA Approval Letter for NDA 21-284]
“The
mode of therapeutic action in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is
not known.”
“The
pharmacokinetics of Ritalin LA was examined in 18 children with ADHD between 7
and 12 years of age. Fifteen of
these children were between 10 and 12 years of age.”
“Ritalin
LA … was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel
group clinical study in which 134 children, ages 6 to 12 … for up to 2
weeks.” (Author’s emphasis)
“The
effectiveness of Ritalin LA for long-term use, i.e., for more than 2 weeks, has
not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials.” “There is no body of evidence available from controlled
trials to indicate how long the patient with DHD should be treated with Ritalin
LA.”
“Ritalin
LA … is contraindicated in marked anxiety, tension, and agitation, since the
drug may aggravate these symptoms.”
WARNINGS,
ADVERSE EVENTS and DRUG INTERACTIONS are all similar to Adderall XR.
ADDITIONAL
ADVERSE EVENTS: “Difficulties with accommodation and blurring of vision have
been reported with methylphenidate [the active ingredient in Ritalin LA].”
“Abnormal liver function…” “Scalp/hair
loss.”
“Ritalin
LA … should not be used in children under six years of age, since safety and
efficacy in this age group have not been established.”
STRATTERA
[Excerpts
from the FDA’s Strattera consumer website: www. http://www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/strattera.HTM]
“Some
people may lose weight while taking Strattera. It is not known if growth will be
slowed in children who use Strattera for a long time. Height and weight will be
watched in children who are taking Strattera.”
The studies on Strattera lasted 8 weeks, 6
weeks and 9 weeks. None were
long-term.
ALTERNATIVES
TO DRUGS – AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Regardless of the causes of ADD/ADHD (environmental, chemical, behavioral, genetic), various holistic treatments have been shown to regulate neurotransmitter activity, resulting in calmer, more focused behavior in children (and adults with the disorder, too). None can be utilized alone. The combinations of therapies may vary from person to person with differing results, but all are reasonable, harmless and in many, many documented cases, very effective.
NUTRITION
First is food
NO
SUGAR! NO SUGAR!
NO SUGAR! NO SUGAR!
NO SUGAR! NO SUGAR!
NO SUGAR! NO SUGAR!
NO
SODAS! NO SODAS!
NO SODAS! NO SODAS!
NO SODAS! NO SODAS!
NO SODAS! NO SODAS!
NO
JUNK! NO JUNK!
NO JUNK! NO JUNK!
NO JUNK! NO JUNK!
NO JUNK! NO JUNK!
NO JUNK!
NOTHING
ARTIFICIAL! NOTHING ARTIFICIAL!
NOTHING ARTIFICIAL! NOTHING
ARTIFICIAL!
Did
I make myself clear? This may look
like an exaggeration, but it isn’t. There’s
an old saying, “You are what you eat.”
It’s true. Do you want to
be refined sugar? Or artificial
colors, preservatives, additives & flavorings?
How about caffeine? And
certainly not junk! What we eat
affects our health and mental well-being more than any other factor except
heredity. Stimulants like Ritalin
and Adderall suppress appetites, which leads to fewer vitamins and minerals
being ingested. This aggravates the
nutrition dilemma.
ADD/ADHD
is a combination of factors that contribute to the symptoms.
Often, food sensitivities are major factors.
Food sensitivities or allergies affect our brain’s neurotransmitters,
resulting in behavior abnormalities. Following
are some of the foods that should be eliminated immediately from anyone’s diet
who has been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. Once
these foods have been completely eliminated, observe the person’s behavior in
about 2 – 3 weeks and see what changes have occurred.
Also notice that the dark circles around their eyes will probably go
away, indicating they were sensitive to those foods.
If you want to be certain which food caused the behavior change, add back
only one food at a time for a period of 2 weeks and observe behavior changes.
It will become readily apparent which food or foods contributed to the
ADD/ADHD symptoms. This process
takes some work and makes eating at fast food establishments off-limits.
Label reading is mandatory. The
results will be worth it, however. Charles
Gant, M.D., Ph.D. in Syracuse, New York claims a 95% success rate using diets
and supplements. Dr. Gant wrote ADD
and ADHD: Complementary Medicine Solutions, and feels that
ADD/ADHD patients are the easiest to treat nutritionally.
These recommendations are based on the famous “Feingold Diet,” which
has been around for over 30 years (www.feingold.org)
and has a substantial list of studies on its website.
Dairy
products – Causes mucous, earaches, gastro-intestinal distress. Many ADD/ADHD people suffered from continual ear infections
as children.
White
flour & white rice products – All of the essential nutrients have been
eliminated from white flours & rice. What’s
left is a nutrition-less, glutinous, empty carbohydrate that becomes glucose
when ingested.
Sodas
– Sodas are full of phosphates which leach calcium from our bodies.
Most people with ADD/ADHD need larger quantities of calcium, a mineral
that has a calming effect. They
also contain caffeine, sugars or artificial sweeteners, which are like poison to
ADD/ADHD sufferers.
Artificial
sweeteners – These are nothing but chemicals.
Of all food additives, artificial sweeteners produce the most
side-effects. They can result in
irritability, sleep and memory loss, headaches, stomachaches, muscle weakness,
seizures and other conditions. Stevia
is an herb that’s very, very sweet. It’s
sold in powdered or liquid form and can be easily substituted for sugar or
artificial sweeteners. It also
contains vitamins and minerals, something sugar or artificial sweeteners lack.
Information about how to use it can be found at www.stevia.com.
Corn,
soy, wheat, eggs, citrus – These are common food allergens. Any food allergen will aggravate ADD/ADHD symptoms.
Read labels carefully.
Foods containing high amounts of salicylate (a
chemical shown to aggravate hyperactivity in several studies) - These include:
plums (canned), raspberries (fresh), peppers, almonds, peppermint tea, prunes
(canned), strawberries (fresh), tomatoes, peanuts, honey, and some spices:
cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, curry, oregano, paprika, pepper, rosemary, sage,
turmeric.
WHAT
CAN THIS POOR PERSON EAT???? – GOOD STUFF!
Fresh,
whole fruits and vegetables not on the above list
Brown
rice, oats and other whole grains other than wheat, corn or soy
Lean
meats (in small quantities)
Stevia
as a sweetener
Herbs
& spices not on the above list
Beans,
legumes
Nuts
not on the above list
Seeds
– pumpkin, sunflower, etc.
Sprouts
Rice
milk
Carob
(instead of chocolate)
Raisins
& other dried fruits
Be
creative! Search the Internet for
recipes. Good sources are www.allrecipes.com
or www.recipesource.com.
Search by ingredients.
Next are vitamins & supplements
Many
studies have been done showing common nutritional deficiencies among people with
ADD/ADHD. These deficiencies affect
the brain’s neurotransmitter activity (the “wiring routes”, if you will)
and deprive the body of essential nutrients that provide calmness and focus.
Poor nutritional habits in children lead to low concentrations of
water-soluble vitamins in the blood, impair brain function and subsequently
cause violence and other antisocial behavior.
After correcting the nutrient intake through diet and/or supplementation,
brain function and resulting behavior improves.
Some of these studies have been reported in the American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition (1994), Biological Psychiatry (1996) and Magnesium Research
(1997). In 1999, the Center for
Science in the Public Interest published a report that cited 17 controlled
studies on artificial colors, milk, corn and other adverse effects on
children’s behavior (“Diet, ADHD, and Behavior”). Supplementing the diet with these nutrients should produce
profound results if combined with dietary changes.
Zinc
– 5 to 10 mg daily (never exceed 50 mg of zinc).
There is a theory that yellow food dyes bind to zinc & prevent its
absorption into the bloodstream. Zinc
is a common deficiency among ADD/ADHD people.
Zinc also helps nails, skin disorders and hair.
B-complex
– 50 to 100 mg daily (cannot overdose as the body expels what isn’t used).
B6 in particular has a positive effect on the body’s regulation of
dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin, all of which affect brain activity.
B vitamins are also good as anti-stress supplements, and vegetarians
should supplement with B-12, a vitamin only found in animal products.
Magnesium
– 200 – 400 mg daily (higher doses may cause diarrhea). Almost all patients in all nutritional studies show a marked
deficiency of magnesium (as do most of us!).
It’s also good for
Calcium
–800 - 1000 mg daily. Produces a
calming effect. Needs magnesium to
be absorbed.
Omega
3 Essential Fatty Acids (DHA, in particular, found in fish & flax oils) –
100 – 500 mg DHA daily. Low
levels of DHA are associated with depression, memory loss, dementia and visual
problems. It also is responsible
for abnormal behavior of children with ADHD (from a study at Purdue University).
DHA is high in breast milk. There
are theories that one reason ADD/ADHD is so prevalent today is because (a)
mothers don’t breast feed as often or as long as in the past and (2) most of
us rarely eat fish. Flax can be taken as ground seeds, but must be ground fresh
every day to ensure potency. It has
a nutty flavor & can be sprinkled on oatmeal or other foods.
Multivitamin
– Essential for all of us! Even
the government recommends them, but they don’t usually have enough of the
above nutrients (or any, like DHA), to make a difference.
Other
supplements have been studied, but not as extensively.
These include digestive enzymes to help with proper food digestion and
assimilation of nutrients; grape seed extract or pine bark extract, which
contain proanthocyanidins, powerful antioxidants; GABA, a neurotransmitter amino
acid that promotes relaxation; and Vitamin C, another strong antioxidant and
anti-stress vitamin.
HERBAL
SUPPORT
Nature
usually has the answer to whatever ails you!
There are numerous herbs that have calming effects on children without
harmful effects. Some companies
have created formulas specifically for ADD/ADHD that have shown to be effective.
Only experimentation can show which herb or herbs will work for your
child (or you).
Valerian
root – Increases concentration, calms
Hops
– Calms the nervous system
Skullcap
– A natural sedative
Ginkgo
– Helps forgetfulness, increases concentration and focus. Has a positive effect on brain neurotransmitters.
Chamomile
– Soothing, calming
Lemon
balm – Soothing, calming
Hawthorn
– Supports circulation to the brain
If
herbs are purchased singly, the amounts may vary.
Use the following as a dosage guide:
The
standard adult dose is based on a 150 pound person.
Take the patient’s weight & divide by 150. Use that percentage to determine dose. Example: Bottle says take 2 capsules 3 times daily.
Child is 90 pounds.
90
/ 150 = .60; 6 x .60 = 3.6 (round to 4). A
90 lb. Child should take a total of 4 capsules in a day in divided doses.
If
herbs are administered as teas (which most of the above except valerian can be),
use 2 tablespoons to 8 oz of water & steep for at least 15 minutes.
A small child would drink 2 cups daily, an adolescent 3 cups daily &
teen-agers and adults would drink 4 cups daily.
OTHER APPROACHES
AROMATHERAPY
The
scent of certain essential oils will produce a calming effect in hyperactive
people. Lavender and orange are
soothing and peppermint clears the mind. Other
aromas may work. Contact a trained
aromatherapist for guidance.
FLOWER ESSENCES
Flower
essences are homeopathic dilutions made from flowers.
Extensive research has shown that flower essences have a strong effect on
people’s emotional states. Usually
a lengthy test is given to the client before a formula is recommended.
Following are a few flower essences that have proven helpful with
ADD/ADHD in children:
For
repeating the same mistakes – Chestnut bud
For
“daydreaming” – Clematis
For
the one who constantly gives up easily – Gentian
For
those lacking confidence – Larch
For
persistent unwanted thoughts – White Chestnut
For
those lacking motivation – Wild Rose
For
stress in general – Rescue Remedy (a combination formula)
HOMEOPATHIC FORMULAS
Homeopathy
is the science of similars. This
means that homeopathic practitioners believe that by giving the patient highly
diluted amounts of the very thing they’re suffering from, their bodies will
build up immunity to the condition and cure itself.
It’s a little like getting a vaccination against a disease.
Homeopathic remedies are difficult to recommend because they’re very
symptom-specific. For example, one remedy commonly used for teething, Calcarea
Carbonica, is also used for sore throat, earache, acid stomach, constipation or
diarrhea, mental disorders, anxiety, depression, old sprains, excessive
menstruation. It is indicated when
the patient is shy, sensitive, fair in color, flabby, with tendency towards
overweight. Conditions may be due
to overexertion, mental strain or poor nutrition.
Symptoms are worse with wet, cold, mental or physical exertion, full moon
and when standing. Symptoms are
better with dry weather & lying on the painful side.
It is best to consult a trained homeopath to determine the correct
formula for your specific needs. (There’s
a trained M.D. in Charlottesville, Dr. George Guess, who practices homeopathic
medicine.)
BEHAVIOR CHANGES
Dr.
John Rosemond, a family psychologist with a regular syndicated column in the Richmond
Times-Dispatch, believes that combining powerful love and powerful
discipline (not harsh) from a child’s earliest years can help children learn
focus and self-control, two of the most prevalent symptoms in ADD/ADHD.
Saying “no” and meaning it will NOT cause your children irreversible
harm.
Getting
outside and playing hard enough to become worn out also helps.
Most children today have structured activities, spend lots of time in the
car, watch too much TV or play video games for hours.
They rarely expend a lot of physical energy.
Kids need to get their “YA YA’s” out!
IN CONCLUSION
There
are many other opinions, theories and treatment methods for handling ADD/ADHD.
There isn’t a “one size fits all” approach.
Only you can determine the best method for your child or yourself.
Just be aware of the options and consider using narcotics as your last
resort when all else fails. Good
luck!!!
APPENDIX
Kozielec
T, Starobrat-Hermelin B.
Clinical
Trial
Controlled
Clinical Trial
Clinical
Trial
Controlled
Clinical Trial
Food
Coloring Agents
PMID:
7361102 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
North
Shore Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Manhasset, New York.
Clinical
Trial
Controlled
Clinical Trial
Randomized
Controlled Trial
Review
Review
of Reported Cases
Placebos
Food
Additives
From www.cspinet.org
(Center for Science in the Public Interest)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joseph Biederman, M.D., Professor, Department of
Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School; Chief of the Program in Pediatric
Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Research support from Shire, Eli Lilly, Wyeth, Pfizer, Cephalon, Janssen,
and Noven. Speakers bureau for GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Wyeth, Shire,
Alza, and Cephalon. Scientific Advisory Board for Eli Lilly, Celltech, Shire,
Noven, and Alza/McNeil. (J. Clin. Psychiatry 2002;63:s12)
Research on the effect of long-release Adderall on children with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder funded by Shire Pharmaceuticals, the
maker of Adderall. (Pediatrics 2002;110:258-66)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
David L. Clark, Ph.D., Associate Professor of
Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Medical Education, Ohio State
University, Columbus. In June 2003,
received $179,228 from Passive Motion Therapeutics, Inc., to study the eighth
nerve stimulation for the treatment of ADHD. (Ohio State University Research
Foundation, Monthly Details of Research Awards; http://www.rf.osu.edu/pubrpy/awardsdetail.cfm;
accessed 2/7/04)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Josephine Elia, M.D., Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of
Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
"Received grant support from Celegene," according to a New England
Journal of Medicine review of "Drug Therapy" article authors who have
ties to industry. (N. Engl. J. Med. 2000;342:586-7)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
John M. Kane, M.D., Investigator, Director, NIMH
Intervention Research Center in Schizophrenia, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glenn
Oaks, NY. Received financial support from Abbott Laboratories, AstraZeneca
Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutica, Eli
Lilly, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Aventis Organon, and Lundbeck. (Am J
Psychiatry. 2004;161:1334-49.) Consultant for and has received honoraria from
Abbott, Aventis, Janssen, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, AstraZeneca, and Organon. (J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64 Suppl 16:41-6.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cynthia
L. Leibson, Ph.D., Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frank A. Lopez, M.D., Children’s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
James
J. McGough, M.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Division of Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California, Los Angeles. Research on
the efficacy of Adderall XR(R) on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder was funded by the drug’s manufacturer, Shire Pharmaceuticals. (J. Am.
Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2003;42:6) Grant/research
support from Boston Life Sciences, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceutica, McNeil
Consumer Healthcare, Novartis, and Shire
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steven
P. Shon, M.D., Medical Director, Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental
Retardation, Austin, TX. “Clinician Adherence to a Major Depressive Disorder
Algorithm in the Texas Public Mental Health Sector” supported in part by
Forest Laboratories. (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ncdeu/abstracts2002/ncdeu3086.cfm;
accessed 3/4/05) Co-author on “The Factor Structure of the Brief Psychiatric
Rating Scale Expanded Version in a Large Diverse Sample of Psychiatric
Patients” which was sponsored in part by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly,
Glaxo-Wellcome, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Novartis, Pfizer and Wyeth-Ayerst
Laboratories. (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ncdeu/abstracts2002/ncdeu2048.cfm;
accessed 3/4/05) According to the New York Times, "Janssen paid twice for
Dr. Shon to fly to Pennsylvania....Janssen made the grant covering Dr. Shon's
travel expenses 'to expand atypical [schizophrenia medication] usage',"
through the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP). Dr. Shon was also paid a
$1,500 honoraria to fly to
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mary V.
Solanto, Ph.D.,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trisha
M. Suppes, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor and Director of Bipolar Disorder
Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. Co-author on “Olanzapine Versus
Divalproex in the Treatment of Acute Mania” which was sponsored by Lilly
Research Laboratories. (Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1011-7.) Received financial
and/or research funding support from Abbott, Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Janssen,
Novartis, SmithKline Beecham, Parke-Davis, Glaxo-Wellcome, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Forest Laboratories, Scios, Wyeth-Ayerst, Organon, and Pharmacia Upjohn. (Ann
Intern Med. 2001;134:47-60.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
James
Swanson, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Pediatrics,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Esther
H. Wender, M.D., Schneider Children’s Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical
Center, New Hyde Park, NY. Paper on sugar and hyperactivity received funding
from the Sugar Association. (Pediatrics. 1991;88:960-6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George
M. Anderson, Ph.D.,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Graham
J. Emslie, M.D., Professor and Chair, Division of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Director, Bob
Smith Center for Research in Pediatric Psychiatry, Dallas, TX. Consultant and
member of speakers bureaus for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, McNeil, Otsuka,
and Wyeth-Ayerst. Receives grant/research support from Novartis. (Preliminary
Report of the Task Force on SSRIs and Suicidal Behavior in Youth,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sheila
M. Gillespie,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ronald L. Lindsay, M.D., Medical Director, Nisonger Center
for Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Ohio State University,
Columbus. Between January and May 2003, received $28,301 from EndPoint Research
Ltd. for research comparing the efficacy of immediate release of methylphenidate
and modified release methylphenidate in children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder. In March 2003, received a total of $44,686 from Noven
Pharmaceuticals for an efficacy study of Ritalin (methylphenidate) transdermal
system in pediatric patients with attention deficit disorder. Received $16,000
from Novartis Pharmaceuticals to study the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of
methylphenidate in female adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bennett
A. Shaywitz, M.D., Department of Pediatrics,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sally
E. Shaywitz, M.D.,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Barbara
Sullivan, MSN,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colleen
M. Sullivan, MSN,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gabrielle A. Carlson, M.D., Participating Physician, Stony
Brook Psychiatric Associates, P.C., Stony
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sam
Goldstein, Ph.D.,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laurence
L. Greenhill, M.D., Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University;
Medical Director, Disruptive Behavior Disorders Clinic, Columbia Presbyterian
Medical Center, New York, NY. Consultant to Eli Lilly, Shire, Noven, Novartis,
McNeil, Celltech, Sigma-Tau, Pfizer and Janssen-Cilag. Receives research support
from McNeil, Shire and Novartis. ("Effective Treatment of ADHD:
Methylphenidate, the tricyclics, SSRIs, atomoxetine, and sustained release
formulations": conference disclosure notes: Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, convened by The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia
University, April 2003, Washington, DC. On file at CSPI)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Christopher
J. Kratochvil, M.D., Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Consultant to Eli Lilly and Shire
Pharmaceuticals. Receives research support from Eli Lilly, McNeil, and
GlaxoSmithKline. Member of speakers bureaus for Lilly and Novartis.
("Treatment of ADHD with non-stimulants": conference disclosure notes;
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, convened by The College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Columbia University, April 2003, Washington, DC. On file at CSPI.)
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