WHAT ARE ANTI-OXIDANTS AND WHY ARE THEY SO
IMPORTANT?
The National Cancer
Institute describes anti-oxidants as follows: “Antioxidants are
substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable
molecules known as free radicals. Free radical damage may lead to
cancer. Antioxidants interact with and stabilize free radicals and may
prevent some of the damage free radicals otherwise might cause.
Examples of antioxidants include beta-carotene, lycopene, vitamins C,
E, and A, and other substances. Exposure
to various environmental factors, including tobacco smoke and
radiation, can lead to free radical formation. Antioxidants ‘mop
up’ free radicals, meaning they neutralize the electrical charge and
prevent the free radical from taking electrons from other
molecules.”
In plain English, this
means anti-oxidants help repair damage to our cells and are important
for overall wellness. They
may also help prevent cancer. Antioxidants
are found in fruits and vegetables, nuts, grains, some meats, poultry
and fish. The list below describes food sources of common
antioxidants.
•
Beta-carotene
is found in many foods that are orange in color, including sweet
potatoes, carrots, cantaloupe, squash, apricots, pumpkin, and mangos.
Some green leafy vegetables including collard greens, spinach, and
kale are also rich in beta-carotene.
• Lutein,
best known for its association with healthy eyes, is abundant in
green, leafy vegetables such as collard greens, spinach, and kale.
• Lycopene
is a potent antioxidant found in tomatoes, watermelon, guava, papaya,
apricots, pink grapefruit, blood oranges, and other foods.
• Selenium
is a mineral, not an antioxidant nutrient. However, it is a component
of antioxidant enzymes. Plant foods like rice and wheat are the major
dietary sources of selenium in most countries. The amount of selenium
in soil, which varies by region, determines the amount of selenium in
the foods grown in that soil. Animals that eat grains or plants grown
in selenium-rich soil have higher levels of selenium in their muscle.
In the United States, meats and bread are common sources of dietary
selenium. Brazil nuts also contain large quantities of selenium.
• Vitamin
A is found in liver, sweet potatoes,
carrots, milk, egg yolks and mozzarella cheese.
• Vitamin
C (ascorbic acid) is in many
fruits and vegetables and is also found in cereals, beef, poultry and
fish.
• Vitamin
E (alpha-tocopherol) is
present in almonds, in many oils including wheat germ, safflower, corn
and soybean oils, and also found in mangos, nuts, broccoli and other
foods.
Many multiple vitamins
contain anti-oxidants in varying amounts.
Check the bottles to be sure they include lutein and selenium
in addition to the normal vitamins.
Natural forms of all vitamins
and supplements are better for you. Also, green tea and coffee
are full of anti-oxidants, but are still caffeinated, so there's no
need to get carried away!
Anti-oxidants are important
for just about everyone. For
those who don’t eat a well-balanced diet rich in fruits and
vegetables, supplementation is recommended.
Cautions:
Smokers should not consume large amounts of Vitamin A.
If you smoke, talk to a qualified heath care professional before
supplementing with additional Vitamin A.
This caution does NOT apply to beta-carotene.
Also, Vitamin E has blood-thinning properties and large amounts
are not recommended for people taking blood-thinning medications.
