
FIBER:
THE FOUNDATION FOR HEALTH

What do whole grains, fruits, beans, vegetables and Metamucil all
have in common? They all contain various types of dietary fiber. Up
until modern times, people ate adequate amounts of fiber in their daily
diets. It wasn't until the early 20th century when the refinement of
wheat became popular that fiber intake dropped. People in the western
hemisphere, especially the United States, were eating white flour
products and far fewer whole grains, beans, vegetables, fruits and other
sources of dietary fiber. After only twenty or thirty years, there was
evidence that serious medical conditions, especially cancer and heart
disease, were significantly on the rise. People in other countries who
continued to eat a natural, whole foods diet, rarely experienced similar
medical problems. This led the medical community to conclude that fiber
is a critical dietary component that humans cannot do without.
Fiber comes in two major types - soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber
is found mainly in oats, legumes (beans and peas) and some fruits like
apples, pears, and prunes. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, forming a
gel that coats the intestinal walls which traps cholesterol before it
enters the bloodstream. The end result is that cholesterol is lowered
which in turn reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke. Insoluble
fiber doesn't dissolve in water, but instead, it soaks water up like a
sponge as it passes through the intestines. Insoluble fiber also binds
to estrogen and other waste products, leaving less of these substances
to be reabsorbed into the blood. Some cancers, like breast and colon,
may be prevented by eating insoluble fiber. Neither soluble nor
insoluble fiber is absorbed by the intestinal cells which is why fiber
helps to sweep toxins from the body. Both soluble and insoluble fiber
keeps our digestive tracts running smoothly and they prevent
constipation.
High fiber foods are low in fat and calories. They are complex
carbohydrates and don't normally have an adverse effect on blood sugar,
although according to Dr. Pamela Hannaman-Pittman, a Naturopathic Doctor
in Richmond, people on glucose-regulating medications may have to
readjust their dosages when increasing their fiber intake. An article
from Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center (http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/cardiology/rehab/fiber.html)
emphasizes that most Americans only get about one-half of the fiber we
need as suggested by the Surgeon General of the United States, which is
25 - 35 grams daily. They recommend the following when trying to
increase fiber intake:
*Choose fresh fruit or vegetables rather than juice.
*Eat the skin and membranes of cleaned fruits and vegetables.
*Choose bran and whole grain breads / cereals daily.
*An increase in fiber should be accompanied by an increase in water.
Fiber requires water to be effective.
*Eat fewer processed foods and more fresh ones.
*It is better to get fiber from foods rather than fiber supplements
as foods are more nutritious.
You could notice an increase in gas, bloating and possibly loose
stools if you increase fiber consumption too quickly. Try adding more
and more fiber-containing foods gradually over a period of 3 - 4 weeks
to prevent gastrointestinal upset. Dr. Hannaman-Pittman offers the
following suggestions about adding fiber:
*Rotate foods and fiber types.
*Avoid foods to which you have food allergies, intolerances or
sensitivities. For example, people with gluten intolerances or Celiac
disease should not eat fiber from many types of grains.
*Fennel seed will help reduce flatulence and bloating while your body
adjusts to the fiber.
*Excessive fiber intake from supplements rather than foods may
decrease the absorption of iron, zinc and calcium. If you take
supplemental fiber, be sure it's at different times from medications and
other supplements.
Following are the descriptive terms approved by the FDA that appear
on labels to identify products that can help increase fiber intake:
* High fiber: 5 g or more per serving
* Good source of fiber: 2.5 g to 4.9 g per serving
* More or added fiber: At least 2.5 g more per serving than the
reference food
Hopefully, this summary will convince you that adding more fiber to
your diet will result in better health and a longer life. The benefits
are many and, as an added bonus, most fiber-rich foods taste good, too.
(For a list of foods with their fiber content, visit Colorado State
University Extension Service, http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09333.html)